Category: Our Universe

The Thing About Today – February 8

Michael Falkner2 Comments

February 8, 2020
Day 39 of 366

 

February 8th is the thirty-ninth day of the year. It is Prešeren Day is Slovenia, which commemorates the death of national poet France Prešeren in 1849.

In the United States, it is “celebrated” as National Boy Scouts Day, National Kite Flying Day, National Iowa Day, and Ice Cream for Breakfast Day. The last one is typically observed on the first Saturday in February.

 

Historical items of note:

  • In 1587, Mary, Queen of Scots, was executed on suspicion of having been involved in the Babington Plot to assassinate her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I.
  • In 1828, author, poet, and playwright Jules Verne was born.
  • In 1865, the State of Delaware refused to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Slavery was outlawed in the United States, including Delaware, when the Amendment was ratified in December 1865. The state finally ratified the Amendment on February 12, 1901, the ninety-second anniversary of the birth of Abraham Lincoln.
  • In 1879, Sandford Fleming first proposed adoption of Universal Standard Time at a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institute.
  • In 1882, Thomas Selfridge was born. As a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Army, he was the first person to die in an airplane crash and the first active duty member of the U.S. military to die in a crash while on duty. He was killed as a passenger in the Wright Flyer, on a demonstration flight piloted by Orville Wright.
  • In 1910, the Boy Scouts of America was incorporated by William D. Boyce.
  • In 1931, actor James Dean was born. He was the first actor to be posthumously nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.
  • In 1932, composer and musician John Williams was born.
  • In 1940, journalist Ted Koppel was born.
  • In 1955, author John Grisham was born.
  • Also in 1955, Ethan Phillips was born. He played Neelix in Star Trek: Voyager.
  • In 1961, DC Comics animation producer Bruce Timm was born.
  • In 1968, Planet of the Apes premiered in New York City.
  • In 1969, puppeteer and writer Mary Robinette Kowal was born.
  • In 1971, the NASDAQ stock market index opens for the first time. The name was initially an acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations.
  • In 1974, the crew of Skylab 4 returned to Earth. After completing their 84-day long mission, they were the last crew to visit the American Skylab space station.

 

In 1914, Bill Finger was born. He was the co-creator of Batman.

As an aspiring writer and part-time shoe salesman, he joined Bob Kane’s new studio in 1938 and took a job of ghostwriting Rusty and Clip Carson strips. In response to the success of Superman, the duo conceived the idea for Batman. Finger was responsible for most of the character’s iconic elements, including the cowl, the cape, and the alter ego.

Kane recalls creating the superhero’s vigilante side, but that Finger added the elements of the World’s Greatest Detective. Unfortunately, Bob Kane negotiated the contract to run the character’s stories without including Bill Finger.

Finger wrote many of the early Batman stories, including significant contributions to iconic characters like the Joker, Catwoman, and Robin, as well as elements such as the Batcave, Batmobile, and Gotham City. He also was credited for Ace the Bat-Hound, Bat-Mite, Clayface, Betty Kane (the original Bat-Girl), and so much more.

Finger also made a considerable impact in the worlds of Superman and Green Lantern. He also a screenwriter for both film and television, including the second season live-action Batman episodes “The Clock King’s Crazy Crimes / The Clock King Gets Crowned”, which aired October 12–13, 1966.

Because of the contract that Bob Kane signed nearly thirty years before, those television stories were Bill Finger’s first public credits for a Batman story.

He did not receive official credit on Batman stories or films until 2015, approximately forty years after his death.

He was posthumously inducted into the comic book industry’s Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1994 and the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1999. The Bill Finger Award, established by Jerry Robinson in 2005 and presented annually at the San Diego Comic-Con to honor excellence in comic-book writing, is named for him.

He was the subject of a 2017 documentary film on Hulu called Batman & Bill.

 

The Thing About Today is an effort to look at each day of 2020 with respect to its historical context.

For more creativity with a critical eye, visit Creative Criticality.

 

 

Culture on My Mind – Film Music Podcasts

Michael FalknerLeave a comment

Culture on My Mind
Film Music Podcasts
February 7, 2020

This week’s “can’t let it go” item is a collection of podcasts about soundtrack music. I’m a big fan of film scores, and I have really fallen for four different podcasts about the history and construction of music.

The Soundtrack Show is billed as “a weekly look at the film scores and soundtracks for some of the most popular movies, TV Shows, Video Games and Theater pieces of all time.” It is hosted by David W. Collins, previously the lead sound designer and voice director at LucasArts. Collins studied theatre and music for both of his advanced degrees before working for LucasArts. While in the industry, he worked on a long list of LucasArts games and voiced roles in Star Wars: The Force Unleashed, Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron, Star Wars Battlefront: Elite Squadron, and several of the recent Star Wars films. He was also a host at three Star Wars Celebration events.

Using his knowledge of both music and story, Collins has dissected several of the Star Wars films as well as Ennio Morricone’s library, Back to the Future, Ghostbusters, Psycho, and more.

The Soundtrack Show is part of the iHeartRadio Network and can be found on Twitter and Facebook. David Collins can also be found on Twitter.

Art of the Score is billed as “an in-depth podcast series discussing the world of film scores.” It is hosted by musicians Andrew Pogson, Dan Golding, and Nicholas Buc.

Andrew Pogson is a twenty-year veteran of the music industry and is the Senior Manager of Special Projects for the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra. Dr. Dan Golding is a senior lecturer in Media and Communications at Swinburne University of Technology, host of Screen Sounds and co-host of the What is Music series for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, composer of several soundtracks, and author of several pop culture books. Nicholas Buc is a composer, conductor, arranger, violinist, and pianist who studied at the University of Melbourne and New York University.

Their discussions get far more technical, discussing chords, meters, and instruments and how the overall music theory works alongside the rest of the film and story process.

Art of the Score can be found on Twitter and Facebook. The hosts can also be found on Twitter: Andrew Pogson, Dan Golding, and Nicholas Buc.

Settling the Score is billed as “an in-depth discussion of a classic film score: what makes it tick, how it serves the movie, and whether it’s, you know, any good. It’s a freewheeling, opinionated conversation with an analytical bent, richly illustrated with musical examples. No expertise required.” It is hosted by Jonathan Dinerstein (a writer for film and television in Hollywood) and Andy Boroson (a pianist and music director) who have been chatting together about movie music for twenty years.

Their friendship is reflected in the podcast discussion. They easily mix the technical elements with the view of two fans sharing opinions over beer or coffee. It is certainly a freeform analytical discussion with a low entry bar for the casual fan.

Settling the Score can be found on Twitter.

Score: The Podcast is an extension of 2016’s Score: A Film Music Documentary. It is hosted by Robert Kraft and Kenny Holmes along with the original film’s director Matt Schrader.

Robert Kraft is a songwriter, film composer, recording artist, and record producer who served as the President of Fox Music from 1994 to 2012. During that time, he supervised the music for over 300 films and dozens of television shows. Kenny Holmes is the award-winning producer, cinematographer, and editor who produced the original documentary. Matt Schrader is an Emmy Award-winning producer and the creator of the Blockbuster serialized podcast.

The focus of Score: The Podcast is interviewing film composers to understand their methods and inspirations. It does less with the technical side and more with the people involved in the craft.

Score: The Podcast can be found on Twitter and Facebook. The hosts can also be found on Twitter: Robert Kraft, Kenny Holmes, and Matt Schrader.

Also, if you haven’t listened to Blockbuster – the story of Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, and John Williams surrounding the birth of the 1970s blockbuster movie scene – you really should.

All of these podcasts can also be found on podcatcher services such as Apple, Google, and so on.
cc-break

Culture on My Mind is inspired by the weekly Can’t Let It Go segment on the NPR Politics Podcast where each host brings one thing to the table that they just can’t stop thinking about.

For more creativity with a critical eye, visit Creative Criticality.

The Thing About Today – February 7

Michael FalknerLeave a comment

February 7, 2020
Day 38 of 366

 

February 7th is the thirty-eighth day of the year. It is National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day in the United States. At some point in their lifetimes, it is estimated that 1 in 16 black men and 1 in 32 black women will be diagnosed with HIV infection.

In the United States, it is “celebrated” as National Fettucine Alfredo Day, National Periodic Table Day, National Send a Card to a Friend Day, Bubble Gum Day, and National Wear Red Day. The last two are typically observed on the first Friday in February.

 

Historical items of note:

  • In 1795, the Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified. It was the first amendment adopted outside of the Bill of Rights and restricts the ability of individuals to bring suit against states in federal court.
  • In 1812, English novelist Charles Dickens was born.
  • In 1867, novelist Laura Ingalls Wilder was born.
  • In 1873, Thomas Andrews was born. He was the Irish shipbuilder who designed the RMS Titanic.
  • In 1885, novelist and Nobel Prize laureate Sinclair Lewis was born.
  • In 1900, a Chinese immigrant in San Francisco fell ill to bubonic plague, marking the first plague epidemic in the continental United States.
  • In 1940, the second full-length animated Walt Disney film, Pinocchio, premiered.
  • In 1955, actor Miguel Ferrer was born.
  • In 1960, actor and produced James Spader was born.
  • In 1962, singer-songwriter Garth Brooks was born.
  • Also in 1962, comedian Eddie Izzard was born.
  • In 1974, Grenada gained independence from the United Kingdom.
  • In 1984, during the STS-41-B mission on Space Shuttle Challenger, astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart made the first untethered spacewalk using the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU).
  • In 1997, NeXT merged with Apple Computer, leading down the path to Mac OS X.
  • In 2013, the U.S. state of Mississippi officially certified the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Mississippi was the last state in the Union to approve the abolition of slavery, approximately 148 years after the amendment was formally adopted.

 

In 1908, swimmer and actor Clarence “Buster” Crabbe was born.

Crabbe attended the University of Southern California where he was the school’s first All-American swimmer in 1931. He competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam where he won the bronze medal for the 1,500 meters freestyle. He returned to the Olympics in the 1932 Summer Games in Los Angeles and won the gold medal for the 400 meters freestyle. He won the medal by a tenth of a second.

He started his career in Hollywood in 1933 with Tarzan the Fearless. Over the span of approximately fifty years he starred in more than a hundred films. He portrayed the typical “jungle man” roles in King of the Jungle in 1933, Jungle Man in 1941, and King of the Congo in 1952. He was the first to portray Flash Gordon, doing so for Universal Pictures from 1936 to 1940. He was also Buck Rogers in the Universal serials.

During World War II, he had a draft deferral since he was a 34-year old married man. During the war, he made Army training films and portrayed Western folk heroes Billy the Kid and Billy Carson in thirty-six films.

After branching into television, Crabbe ventured into a business career during the 1950s and 1960s. He continued working in film from time to time, including a cameo appearance in 1979’s Buck Rogers in the 25th Century.

Buster Crabbe died in 1983, at the age of 75, from a heart attack at his Scottsdale, Arizona home.

 

The Thing About Today is an effort to look at each day of 2020 with respect to its historical context.

For more creativity with a critical eye, visit Creative Criticality.

 

 

The Thing About Today – February 6

Michael FalknerLeave a comment

February 6, 2020
Day 37 of 366

 

February 6th is the thirty-seventh day of the year. It is the United Nations-sponsored International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation.

In the United States, it is “celebrated” as National Frozen Yogurt Day and National Lame Duck Day.

 

Historical items of note:

  • In 60 AD, graffiti was left in Pompeii that identified this day as a dies Solis, or a Sunday. Thanks to this historic Banksy, it is the earliest date for which a day of the week is known. In modern parlance, this day would have been a Wednesday.
  • In 1665, Queen Anne of Great Britain was born. She was the last monarch of the House of Stuart.
  • In 1778, as part of the American Revolutionary War, the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce were signed in Paris by the United States and France. This signaled official recognition of the new republic.
  • In 1815, New Jersey granted the first American railroad charter to John Stevens, the American lawyer, engineer, and inventor who constructed the first U.S. steam locomotive, first steam-powered ferry, and first U.S. commercial ferry service from his estate in Hoboken.
  • In 1838, Sir Henry Irving was born. He was the first actor to be awarded a knighthood, and was one of the inspirations for the title character of Bram Stoker’s Dracula.
  • In 1895, American baseball player George Herman “Babe” Ruth Jr. was born. He was one of the first five inaugural members of the Baseball Hall of Fame.
  • In 1918, British women over the age of 30, who met minimum property qualifications, received the right to vote when Representation of the People Act 1918 was passed by Parliament.
  • In 1922, actor Patrick Macnee was born.
  • In 1939, actor and director Mike Farrell was born. He portrayed Captain B.J. Hunnicutt on M*A*S*H.
  • In 1940, journalist Tom Brokaw was born.
  • In 1945, singer-songwriter Bob Marley was born.
  • In 1951, the Canadian Army entered combat in the Korean War.
  • In 1952, Elizabeth II became Queen of the United Kingdom and her other Realms and Territories and Head of the Commonwealth upon the death of her father, George VI. At the exact moment of succession, she was in a treehouse at the Treetops Hotel in Kenya. She is the longest-lived and longest-reigning British monarch, as well as the world’s longest-serving female head of state, oldest living monarch, longest-reigning current monarch, and the oldest and longest-serving current head of state.
  • In 1959, Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments filed the first patent for an integrated circuit.
  • In 1966, singer-songwriter Rick Astley was born. He promises to never give you up, never let you down, and never run around and desert you.
  • In 1987, Justice Mary Gaudron became the first woman to be appointed to the High Court of Australia.
  • In 1998, Washington National Airport was renamed Ronald Reagan National Airport. This coincided with the actor and former U.S. President’s 87th birthday.

 

In 2018, SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy, a super heavy-lift launch vehicle, made its maiden flight.

SpaceX, formally the Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, is a private American aerospace and space manufacturing company founded by Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla. The company’s goal is the reduction of space transportation costs to enable the colonization of Mars.

SpaceX put the first privately funded liquid-propellant rocket, the Falcon 1, in orbit in 2008. They were also the first private company to successfully launch, orbit, and recover a spacecraft (the Dragon in 2010), the first private company to send a spacecraft to the International Space Station (the Dragon in 2012), the first propulsive landing for an orbital rocket (the Falcon 9 in 2015), the first reuse of an orbital rocket (the Falcon 9 in 2017), and the first private company to launch an object into orbit around the sun.

That last one was the Falcon Heavy and its payload of a Tesla Roadster. The reusable Falcon Heavy – classified as a super heavy-lift launch vehicle due to its ability to lift more than 110,000 pounds of payload into low Earth orbit – was designed to be able to carry humans into space beyond low Earth orbit. It was unveiled at a news conference in April 2011 with an initial test flight expected for 2013. Partly due to the failure of the SpaceX CRS-7 in 2015, the maiden flight was delayed until February 2018. The goal of the maiden flight was to demonstrate the rocket’s capabilities while gathering telemetry throughout the flight.

The Tesla Roadster was chosen as a payload because it belonged to Elon Musk and had to be “something fun and without irreplaceable sentimental value”. A mannequin (in a SpaceX spacesuit)  named “Starman” sat in the driver’s seat, named in honor of David Bowie. The car’s sound system also played Bowie songs on a loop. The Roadster became the first consumer car sent into space, and it was inserted into a heliocentric orbit.

The mission also carried Arch Mission 1.2 – a crystal disk containing Isaac Asimov’s Foundation series of books – as well as a copy of Douglas Adams’ 1979 novel The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy in the glovebox, a towel, a “Don’t Panic!” sign on the dashboard, a Hot Wheels miniature Roadster with a miniature Starman driver, a plaque bearing the names of the employees who worked on the project, and a message on the vehicle’s circuit board that read “Made on Earth by humans”.

A year after the successful demo flight, SpaceX had managed to sign five commercial contracts worth $500 million to $750 million. SpaceX launched the first commercial Falcon Heavy rocket in April 2019, and a third flight a few months later with the recovered side-boosters from the second flight.

SpaceX has flown 18 resupply missions to the International Space Station (ISS) under a partnership with NASA. NASA also awarded SpaceX a further development contract in 2011 to develop and demonstrate a human-rated Dragon spacecraft, which would be used to transport astronauts to the ISS and return them safely to Earth. SpaceX conducted the maiden launch of its Crew Dragon spacecraft on a NASA-required demonstration flight (christened Crew Dragon Demo-1) on March 2, 2019 and is set to launch its first crewed Crew Dragon in March 2020.

SpaceX is also hard at work on the Starship spacecraft, which is designed for use in crewed interplanetary spaceflight.

 

The Thing About Today is an effort to look at each day of 2020 with respect to its historical context.

For more creativity with a critical eye, visit Creative Criticality.

 

 

The Thing About Today – February 5

Michael FalknerLeave a comment

February 5, 2020
Day 36 of 366

 

February 5th is the thirty-sixth day of the year. It is Constitution Day in Mexico and Crown Princess Mary’s birthday in Denmark.

In the United States, it is “celebrated” as National Shower with a Friend Day, National Weatherperson’s Day, World Nutella Day, and National Girls and Women in Sports Day. The last one is typically observed on the first Wednesday in February.

Shower with a Friend Day reminds me of one of my dad’s sayings during my childhood: “Save water and shower with a steady.”

 

Historical items of note:

  • In 62 AD, the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum were severely damaged by strong earthquake. Some consider it a precursor event to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius which destroyed the same towns seventeen years later.
  • In 1807, the ship of the line HMS Blenheim and the frigate HMS Java disappeared off the coast of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean.
  • In 1852, the New Hermitage Museum opened to the public in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is one of the largest and oldest museums in the world.
  • In 1913, Greek military aviators Michael Moutoussis and Aristeidis Moraitinis performed the first naval air mission in history. The mission was flown with a Farman MF.7 hydroplane.
  • In 1917, the current constitution of Mexico was adopted. It established a federal republic with powers separated into independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
  • In 1918, Stephen W. Thompson shot down a German airplane during World War I. It was the first aerial victory by the United States military.
  • Also in 1918, the luxury liner SS Tuscania was torpedoed off the coast of Ireland by German U-boat UB-77. It was carrying 384 crew 2,013 United States Army personnel. About 210 troops and crew were lost in the attack, making the Tuscania the first ship carrying American troops to Europe to be torpedoed and sunk.
  • In 1919, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, and D. W. Griffith launched United Artists.
  • In 1921, British film production designer Ken Adam was born.
  • In 1924, the Royal Greenwich Observatory began broadcasting the hourly time signals known as the Greenwich Time Signal or the “BBC Pips”.
  • In 1934, American baseball player Hank Aaron was born. He held the career home run record for thirty-three years, was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2002, and holds front office roles with his home team, the Atlanta Braves.
  • In 1941, actor, producer, and screenwriter Stephen J. Cannell was born. His creations include The Rockford Files, The A-Team, The Greatest American Hero, 21 Jump Street, and The Commish.
  • In 1943, Nolan Bushnell was born. An American engineer and businessman, he founded Atari, Inc.
  • In 1944, the Captain America serial premiered. It was the most expensive serial that Republic Pictures ever made. It was also the first theatrical release connected to a Marvel character and would hold that status for more than 40 years.
  • In 1958, a hydrogen bomb known as the Tybee Bomb was lost by the United States Air Force off the coast of Savannah, Georgia. It was never recovered.
  • In 1971, astronauts Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchell from the Apollo 14 mission successfully landed on the lunar surface.
  • In 1988, Manuel Noriega was indicted on drug smuggling and money laundering charges.

 

In 1940, Swiss painter, sculptor, and set designer H. R. Giger was born.

Giger was well-known for his stylistic images of humans and machines connected in biomechanical relationships. He was part of the special effects team for 1979’s Alien, which won an Academy Award for Best Achievement in Visual Effects.

His design for the titular xenomorphic alien was inspired by his painting Necronom IV. His books of paintings, particularly Necronomicon and Necronomicon II continued to propel his international recognition, as well as his frequent publication in Omni magazine. He was admitted to the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame in 2013.

Giger’s work has been seen on several recording albums as well as several films. Aside from the Alien franchise, he worked on an unproduced version of Dune, Poltergeist II, Species, Future-Kill, Tokyo: The Last Megalopolis, and an unused version of the Batmobile from Batman Forever. He also directed several films.

Giger died on May 12, 2014, after suffering injuries in a fall. His work is on permanent display at the H.R. Giger Museum at the Saint-Germain Castle in Gruyères, Switzerland, which he acquired in 1998.

On 11 July 2018, the asteroid 109712 Giger was named in his memory.

 

The Thing About Today is an effort to look at each day of 2020 with respect to its historical context.

For more creativity with a critical eye, visit Creative Criticality.

 

 

The Thing About Today – February 4

Michael FalknerLeave a comment

February 4, 2020
Day 35 of 366

 

February 4th is the thirty-fifth day of the year. It is World Cancer Day, a day to raise awareness of the disease and encourage its prevention, detection, and treatment.

In the United States, it is “celebrated” as National Create a Vacuum Day, National Hemp Day, National Homemade Soup Day, National Thank a Mail Carrier Day, and Safer Internet Day. The last one is typically observed on the first Tuesday in February.

National Soup Day, eh? Perhaps it is a good day to experiment with my Zuppa Toscana recipe, especially since today is the approximate midpoint of the season.

 

Historical items of note:

  • In 1454, during the Thirteen Years’ War, the Secret Council of the Prussian Confederation sent a formal act of disobedience to the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
  • In 1703, all but one of the Forty-Seven Rōnin committed seppuku (ritual suicide) in Edo (now known as Tokyo) as recompense for avenging their master’s death. The forty-seventh rōnin, Terasaka Kichiemon, eventually returned from his mission and was pardoned by the shōgun.
  • In 1789, George Washington was unanimously elected as the first President of the United States by the U.S. Electoral College.
  • In 1846, the first Mormon pioneers began their exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, westward towards Salt Lake Valley.
  • In 1861, delegates from six break-away U.S. states met in Montgomery, Alabama to form the Confederate States of America. Confederate Vice President Alexander H. Stephens would later describe the new republic’s ideology as being centrally based “upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery, subordination to the superior race, is his natural and normal condition.”
  • In 1902, pilot and explorer Charles Lindbergh was born.
  • In 1906, Clyde Tombaugh was born. He was the astronomer who discovered Pluto in 1930.
  • In 1920, voice actor Janet Waldo was born. Among other roles, she was Judy in The Jetsons and Josie in Josie and the Pussycats.
  • In 1940, George A. Romero, director of 1968’s Night of the Living Dead, was born.
  • In 1941, the United Service Organization (USO) was created to entertain American troops.
  • In 1948, Ceylon (later renamed Sri Lanka) became independent within the British Commonwealth.
  • In 1952, Jackie Robinson, the first African-American to play in Major League Baseball, became the vice president and director of personnel for Chock full o’Nuts. That made him the first African-American vice president of a major American corporation.
  • In 1970, Patton premiered in New York City. It won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1971.
  • In 2004, Facebook was founded.

 

In 1913, American civil rights activist Rosa Parks was born. She was known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott and has become known as the “the mother of the freedom movement”.

Around the turn of the 20th century, former Confederate states adopted new laws that disenfranchised black voters. Jim Crow laws also imposed racial segregation upon public facilities, retail stores, and public transportation in the American South. To that end, buses had separate seating sections for black customers and white customers, and whites took priority.

In 1932, Rosa married Montgomery barber Raymond Parks. At that time, the NAACP was collecting funds to support the defense of the Scottsboro Boys, a group of black men who were falsely accused of raping two white women. In 1943, Rosa Parks became active in the civil rights movement and joined the NAACP where she served as secretary until 1957. One day, she boarded a bus and paid the fare, but was forced to disembark by driver James F. Blake and enter the bus again using the back door per city rules. When she complied, Blake drove off and left her stranded in the rain.

Around 1944, she held a job at Maxwell Air Force Base, which was not segregated since it was federal property. She worked as a seamstress afterward, finally succeeding at being listed on voter rolls (on her third try due to heavy discrimination) in 1945.

On March 2, 1955, Claudette Colvin was arrested for failing to surrender her bus seat to a white man. Colvin was a student at Booker T. Washington High School and a member of the NAACP Youth Council, of which Parks was an advisor. Preceding this event, several others had attempted sit-in protests on buses, including Bayard Rustin, Irene Morgan, Lillie Mae Bradford, and Sarah Louise Keyes. Colvin was followed by Aurelia Browder, Susie McDonald, and Mary Louise Smith.

In August 1955, teenager Emmett Till was brutally murdered after reportedly flirting with a white woman in Mississippi. The murderers were acquitted, news that angered and saddened Parks.

All of that led to December 1, 1955. After working all day, Parks boarded the bus, paid her fare, and found an empty seat in the first row of the “colored” section. She did not notice that her driver was James Blake. As more passengers boarded, several white riders were left standing, so Blake moved the “colored” sign behind Parks and demanded that she surrender her seat.

Thinking of Emmett Till, Parks refused. She was arrested and charged with violation of the law.

On the night of her arrest, the Women’s Political Council printed and circulated a flyer through the black community. The following morning, the idea of boycotts started to circulate at a meeting led by Martin Luther King, Jr. Effectively, if the black community did not ride, the buses could not afford to operate. The Montgomery bus boycott began on December 5, 1955 with coordination and support throughout the black community. The boycott wasn’t resolved until December 20, 1956, and eventually led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws that segregated buses were unconstitutional.

After the boycott, Parks moved to Detroit and continued as an activist and organizer for the rest of her life. After retirement, she continued to insist that the struggle for justice was not over. She received national recognition, including the NAACP’s 1979 Spingarn Medal, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Gold Medal, and a posthumous statue in the United States Capitol’s National Statuary Hall. She was the first woman to lie in honor in the Capitol Rotunda after her death in 2005, becoming the third of only four Americans to ever receive this honor.

Rosa Parks’s life was so much more than the historical eye-blink that was that night on the bus. She was a strong woman who fought for the right in everything she did. She published her autobiography, Rosa Parks: My Story, in 1992. She also published a memoir about her faith, Quiet Strength, in 1995. You owe it to yourself to learn about this amazing woman’s entire life and legacy.

In her honor, four states observe Rosa Parks Day. Ohio and Oregon commemorate her bravery on December 1st, but California and Missouri pay their respects on February 4th, the anniversary of her birthday.

 

The Thing About Today is an effort to look at each day of 2020 with respect to its historical context.

For more creativity with a critical eye, visit Creative Criticality.

 

 

The Thing About Today – February 3

Michael FalknerLeave a comment

February 3, 2020
Day 34 of 366

 

February 3rd is the thirty-fourth day of the year. It is Setsubun in Japan, the day before the beginning of spring.

In the United States, it is “celebrated” as National Carrot Cake Day, National Missing Persons Day, National Women Physicians Day, and National Football Hangover Day. That last one is typically commemorated on the day after the “Big Game”. You know, the “Superb Owl.” The football championship event that was held yesterday at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida.

Don’t sue me, National Football League. </sarcasm>

 

Historical items of note:

  • In 1690, the colony of Massachusetts issued the first paper money in the Americas.
  • In 1783, Spain recognized the independence of the United States during the American Revolutionary War.
  • In 1809, German pianist, composer, and conductor Felix Mendelssohn was born.
  • In 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, guaranteeing voting rights to male citizens regardless of race.
  • In 1894, American painter and illustrator Norman Rockwell was born.
  • In 1913, the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect an income tax.
  • In 1917, during World War I, the United States broke off diplomatic relations with Germany. This was two days after Germany declared a new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.
  • In 1938, actor Victor Buono was born. He played King Tut on the 1966 Batman television series.
  • In 1956, actor and comedian Nathan Lane was born.
  • In 1961, the United States Air Force began Operation Looking Glass. For the next thirty years, a “Doomsday Plane” was always in the air with the capability of taking direct control of the United States’ bombers and missiles if the Strategic Air Command command post was lost.
  • In 1965, actress and producer Maura Tierney was born.
  • In 1966, the Soviet Union’s unmanned Luna 9 vehicle became the first spacecraft to make a soft landing on the Moon. It was also the first spacecraft to take pictures from the surface of the Moon.
  • In 1970, actor and screenwriter Warwick Davis was born. He’s appeared in Willow and pretty much every Star Wars film since 1983.
  • In 1994, Sergei Krikalev became the first Russian cosmonaut to fly aboard the Space Shuttle as mission STS-60 (Discovery) was launched.
  • In 1995, Eileen Collins became the first woman to pilot the Space Shuttle as mission STS-63 (Discovery) was launched.

 

Today is commemorated as The Day the Music Died.

In 1959, Buddy Holly and his band – consisting of Waylon Jennings, Tommy Allsup, and Carl Bunch – were on the “Winter Dance Party” tour in the American Midwest. They were joined by rising stars Ritchie Valens, J. P. “The Big Bopper” Richardson, and Dion and the Belmonts.

The long travel stretches between venues was a killer for the artists, including cases of flu and frostbite on the cold and uncomfortable tour buses. After their performance at the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake, Iowa, Buddy Holly decided to charter a plane for the next leg of their journey. As fate played out, Richardson (afflicted with the flu) took Jennings’s seat on the plane and Valens won his seat after beating Allsup in a coin toss.

Soon after takeoff, radio contact was lost with the plane. When the plane did not reach Moorhead, Minnesota, it was reported missing. It was eventually found in a cornfield six miles northwest of the departure airport. The investigation revealed that poor weather conditions and pilot error contributed to the accident.

Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, J. P. “The Big Bopper” Richardson, and pilot Roger Peterson were killed in the crash.

Buddy Holly’s wife, María Elena, learned of her husband’s death via a television news report. They had been married for only six months, and she suffered a miscarriage shortly afterward. This led to the policy of not disclosing victims’ names until family members had been notified.

Fans make pilgrimages to Clear Lake, Iowa every year to pay their respects. An annual memorial concert is also held at the Surf Ballroom.

In 1971, Don McLean released his hit single “American Pie”, which was written in the late 1960s. It paid tribute to the artists and pilot, commemorated the loss of innocence of the early rock and roll generation, and served to exorcise his long-running grief over the accident.

 

The Thing About Today is an effort to look at each day of 2020 with respect to its historical context.

For more creativity with a critical eye, visit Creative Criticality.

 

 

The Thing About Today – February 2

Michael FalknerLeave a comment

February 2, 2020
Day 33 of 366

 

February 2nd is the thirty-third day of the year. It is Inventor’s Day in Thailand and World Wetlands Day.

In the United States, it is “celebrated” as National Heavenly Hash Day and National Tater Tot Day.

 

Historical items of note:

  • In 1645, the combined army of Scottish Royalist Highlanders and Confederate Irish troops under James Graham, Lord Montrose destroyed the pursuing forces of Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll during the Scottish Civil War. This would become known as the Battle of Inverlochy.
  • In 1653, New Amsterdam was incorporated. It would later become the City of New York.
  • In 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, ending the two-year-long Mexican-American War.
  • In 1850, Brigham Young declared war on the Timpanogos Tribe at the Battle of Fort Utah. The Timpanogos people had initially tolerated the settlers, the remnants of the Nauvoo Legion, but after three Mormons murdered a Timpanogos man known as Old Bishop followed by a hard winter where the tribe took 50 cattle from the Mormons, the war was declared. The Mormons killed 100 Timpanogos people, including Chief Old Elk’s tribe and other tribes that had no hostile history with the Mormons.
  • In 1901, the funeral for Queen Victoria was held.
  • In 1913, Grand Central Station was opened in New York City.
  • In 1922, Ulysses by James Joyce was published.
  • In 1925, dog sleds transporting a much-needed diphtheria serum reached Nome, Alaska. The serum was transported 674 miles across the Alaska Territory by 20 mushers and 150 sled dogs in five and a half days. The lead dog on the final sled was the famous Balto, but the true hero was lead dog Togo who covered 260 miles. The serum run inspired the Iditarod race.
  • In 1940, Frank Sinatra made his first public appearance with the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra in Indianapolis.
  • In 1942, the Osvald Group organized the first, active event of anti-Nazi resistance in Norway. It was a protest against the inauguration of the traitor Vidkun Quisling.
  • In 1943, during World War II, the Battle of Stalingrad came to a close as Soviet troops accepted the surrender of German troops in the city.
  • In 1947, actress and producer Farrah Fawcett was born.
  • In 1949, actor and singer Brent Spiner was born.
  • In 1954, actress and businesswoman Christie Brinkley was born.
  • In 1955, President Dwight Eisenhower hosted the first presidential new conference on network television. It aired on ABC.
  • In 2005, the Government of Canada introduces the Civil Marriage Act. When this legislation became law on July 20, 2005, it legalized same-sex marriage in the country.

 

In 1887, Groundhog Day was first observed in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania.

The tradition derives from a Pennsylvania Dutch superstition that if a groundhog or woodchuck emerges from its burrow on this day and sees its shadow due to clear weather, the animal will retreat to its den to weather six more weeks of winter. Conversely, if it doesn’t see its shadow because of cloudiness, spring will arrive early. The lore was brought from a German-speaking heritage where a badger is the prognosticator and may spring from a tradition where clear weather on the Christian holy day of Candlemas forbodes a prolonged winter.

There is no scientific basis for this superstition.

Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania houses the most famous weather-rodent in the world, named Punxsutawney Phil. Every year, top hat and tuxedo-clad members of the Inner Circle awaken Phil from his burrow on Gobbler’s Knob and “speak” to the groundhog through a “mystical” ancient acacia wood cane. The entire show depends on a light-hearted suspension of disbelief, including the mythology that Phil has lived to make these predictions since 1886, sustained by drinks of “groundhog punch” and “elixir of life”. In reality, groundhogs only live for about six years.

Other locations have similar celebrations and observations:

  • Quarryville, PA: The Slumbering Groundhog Lodge, which was formed in 1907, uses a stuffed woodchuck in their observation. It used to be a contending rival to Punxsutawney’s event.
  • Southeastern Pennsylvania: Several Groundhog Lodges (Grundsow Lodges) celebrate the holiday with fersommlinge, Pennsylvania Dutch social events in which food is served, speeches are made, and one or more g’spiel (plays or skits) are performed for entertainment. Only the Pennsylvania German dialect is spoken at the event and those who speak English pay a small penalty per word spoken.
  • Sun Prairie, WI: The self-proclaimed “Groundhog Capital of the World” in response to a slight in a 1952 Punxsutawney Spirit newspaper article that described the location as a “remote two cow village buried somewhere in the wilderness.”
  • New York: Staten Island Chuck is the official weather-forecasting woodchuck for New York City, and Dunkirk Dave is the local groundhog for Western New York. Dunkirk Dave is handled by Bob Will, a typewriter repairman who runs a rescue shelter for groundhogs.
  • Raleigh, NC: Sir Walter Wally headlines the annual event at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences.
  • Washington, D.C.: Potomac Phil, another stuffed critter, is the focus of the Dupont Circle Groundhog Day event.
  • Liliburn, GA: General Beauregard Lee makes predictions for Butts County.
  • Irving, TX: The University of Dallas has boasted of hosting the second largest Groundhog celebration in the world.
  • Alaska: Groundhog Day has been replaced by Marmot Day, a celebration of the creature and Alaskan culture.
  • Wiarton, Ontario has Wiarton Willie, Nova Scotia has Shubenacadie Sam (the first Groundhog Day prediction in North America), and Quebec has Fred la marmotte of Val-d’Espoir.
  • Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Samara, Russia all got in on the celebration as well in 2017.

Of course, the most popular representation of the celebration is 1993’s Groundhog Day, in which Bill Murray portrays a weatherman who visits Punxsutawney and ends up trapped in a time loop. The town was portrayed by Woodstock, Illinois in the film.

 

The Thing About Today is an effort to look at each day of 2020 with respect to its historical context.

For more creativity with a critical eye, visit Creative Criticality.

 

 

The Thing About Today – February 1

Michael FalknerLeave a comment

February 1, 2020
Day 32 of 366

 

February 1st is the thirty-second day of the year. It is celebrated as Imbolc, Imbolg, and Saint Brigid’s Day in Ireland and Scotland, as well as among certain neopagan groups. It is one of the four Gaelic seasonal festivals – joined with Beltane, Lughnasadh, and Samhain – and marks the beginning of spring between the winter solstice and the vernal equinox.

In the United States, it is “celebrated” as National Baked Alaska Day, National Get Up Day, National Serpent Day, and National Texas Day.

 

Historical items of note:

  • In 1884, the first volume of the Oxford English Dictionary was published. It covered topics from A to Ant.
  • In 1893, Thomas Edison finished construction of the first motion picture studio. It was the Black Maria, located in West Orange, New Jersey.
  • In 1896, Giacomo Puccini’s La bohème premiered in Turin at the Teatro Regio.
  • In 1918, Russia adopted the Gregorian calendar.
  • In 1924, the United Kingdom recognized the USSR.
  • In 1942, Voice of America began broadcasting. It was the official external radio and television service of the United States government and broadcasted programs aimed at areas controlled by the Axis powers.
  • Also in 1942, actress Bibi Besch was born.
  • In 1946, Elisabeth Sladen was born. She portrayed the iconic Sarah Jane Smith on Doctor Who.
  • In 1954, actor Billy Mumy was born.
  • In 1960, four black students staged the first of the Greensboro sit-ins at a lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina.
  • In 1964, The Beatles had their first number one hit in the United States: “I Want to Hold Your Hand”.
  • In 1968, Canada’s three military services – the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, and the Royal Canadian Air Force – were unified into the Canadian Forces.
  • In 1998, Rear Admiral Lillian E. Fishburne became the first female African American to be promoted to rear admiral in the United States Navy.
  • In 2003, Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during atmospheric reentry during mission STS-107, killing all seven astronauts aboard.

 

In 1865, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. It was not ratified by the states until later, but at this point, the signed resolution passed by Congress made slavery illegal within the United States.

Section 1
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

Major Richard Robert Wright Sr, a former slave and the first African American to serve as a U.S. Army paymaster, believed that there should be a day to celebrate the freedoms of all Americans. He began to formulate this plan and in 1947, one year after his death, Congress passed a bill to make National Freedom Day on February 1st. The official holiday proclamation was signed into law on June 30, 1948, by President Harry Truman.

National Freedom Day was the forerunner to Black History Month.

A precursor to Black History Month was celebrated as early as 1926 when historian Carter G. Woodson and the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History proclaimed the second week of February to be “Negro History Week”. This was chosen since it coincided with Abraham Lincoln’s and Frederick Douglass’s birthdays. The thought process boiled down to the concepts of recognition and importance, and while the first celebration was met with a lukewarm response, future celebrations generated a great deal of enthusiasm.

It prompted the creation of black history clubs, an increase in interest among teachers, and interest from progressive whites. It grew in popularity throughout the following decades, with mayors across the United States endorsing it as a holiday.

Black History Month was first proposed by black educators and the Black United Students at Kent State University in February 1969, with the first celebration in the following year. Six years later, Black History Month was being celebrated all across the country in educational institutions, centers of Black culture and community centers. President Gerald Ford recognized Black History Month during the celebration of the United States Bicentennial in 1976.

In the Bicentennial year of our Independence, we can review with admiration the impressive contributions of black Americans to our national life and culture.

One hundred years ago, to help highlight these achievements, Dr. Carter G. Woodson founded the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History. We are grateful to him today for his initiative, and we are richer for the work of his organization.

Freedom and the recognition of individual rights are what our Revolution was all about. They were ideals that inspired our fight for Independence: ideals that we have been striving to live up to ever since. Yet it took many years before ideals became a reality for black citizens.

The last quarter-century has finally witnessed significant strides in the full integration of black people into every area of national life. In celebrating Black History Month, we can take satisfaction from this recent progress in the realization of the ideals envisioned by our Founding Fathers. But, even more than this, we can seize the opportunity to honor the too-often neglected accomplishments of black Americans in every area of endeavor throughout our history.

I urge my fellow citizens to join me in tribute to Black History Month and the message of courage and perseverance it brings to all of us.

 

The Thing About Today is an effort to look at each day of 2020 with respect to its historical context.

For more creativity with a critical eye, visit Creative Criticality.

 

 

Culture on My Mind – Star Wars: The Clone Wars

Michael FalknerLeave a comment

Culture on My Mind
Star Wars: The Clone Wars
January 31, 2020

This week, Star Wars: The Clone Wars is on my mind.

Star Wars: The Clone Wars fills in the gap between the last two installments of the prequel trilogy. I had a few issues with both Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith, but this series helped to smooth things a bit. It doesn’t make those two films perfect by any means, but it helps. It also gave me Ahsoka Tano, one of my favorite complex characters in the Star Wars mythos.

The show started with a theatrical release of the first few episodes in August 2008. On its own, that movie isn’t particularly good, but the series was phenomenal. It ran from 2008 to 2013 on Cartoon Network, then had a limited revival in 2014 on Netflix. Series supervising director Dave Filoni worked with George Lucas to understand the heart and soul of Star Wars, making this series one of the purest expressions of the franchise in the period between the prequel and sequel trilogies.

If you haven’t had the chance yet, I wholeheartedly recommend the series. If anything, start with the first season, then watch the theatrical movie before proceeding into the rest.

The show finally wraps up with the seventh season, which premieres on Disney+ on February 21, 2020.
cc-break

Culture on My Mind is inspired by the weekly Can’t Let It Go segment on the NPR Politics Podcast where each host brings one thing to the table that they just can’t stop thinking about.

For more creativity with a critical eye, visit Creative Criticality.